Canada’s population is aging and the number of drivers over 65 is increasing rapidly. In fact, by the year 2024, it is estimated that 25% of drivers will be over the age of 65. At the same time, this age group has one of the highest rates of motor vehicle crashes per kilometre driven. Car crashes are the second leading cause of injury among those over 65 and the leading cause of injury related deaths.

Why is it difficult to “hang up the keys”?

Driving provides a sense of freedom, independence, and mobility. However, when one’s driving ability has deteriorated due to age-related changes, medical conditions, or illness, it may be necessary to “hang up the keys”. This is because of the increased risk to personal or public safety, which outweighs the driver’s desire for independence.

Determining when to “hang up the keys” involves assessing both the physical and mental capacity of the person. The individual, family members, friends, healthcare providers, and driver licensing bodies can all have a role to play in this important decision.

Age- or illness-related factors that can impair driving ability
• Failing eyesight
• Hearing loss
• Slow reflexes
• Memory problems, disorientation, signs of dementia
• Reduced mobility, such as turning the head
• Lack of judgement, awareness, and concentration
• Drowsiness or fatigue

Driving-related signs that it may be time to “hang up the keys”
• Difficulty backing up
• Unsafe left turns
• Changing lanes without checking
• Failure to yield the right of way
• Stopping at green lights
• Failure to use turn signals
• Entering and exiting highways incorrectly
• Weaving or unnecessary lane shifting
• Making turns improperly
• Unsafe passing
• Slow driving
• Getting lost
• Traffic tickets or collisions

Aside from standard safety precautions, such as always wearing a seat belt, ensuring the vehicle is in sound condition and that windows are clear from obstructions, there are a number of other steps that can increase safe driving for older adults.

• Avoid night and rush hour driving. Plan ahead. Choose alternative routes.
• Consider other forms of transportation.
• Consider a driver refresher course.
• Have regular medical, eye, and hearing check ups.
• Evaluate all medications with a health professional for their impact on driving.
• Maintain a healthy, active lifestyle to improve flexibility, strength, and reaction time.

Key References

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. (2006). How’s your driving? Retrieved November 24, 2006, http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/pubs/yourdriving.htm

Canada Safety Council. (2000). Seniors Behind the Wheel. January 2000. Retrieved November 22, 2006, http://www.safety-council.org/news/sc/2000/senior_wheel.html

CanDRIVE. (2005). For older drivers and caregivers. Retrieved November 24, 2006, http://www.candrive.ca/En/Driver_Resources/older_drivers.asp

Ministry of Transportation. (2006). Quick notes on…pedestrian safety. Retrieved on November 24, 2006 from http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/safety/topics/pedestrian.htm