The gastrointestinal (GI) tract starts at the mouth. This is the place where food and drink first enter into the body. It is also the spot where digestion begins. Saliva contains enzymes that break down some carbohydrates and fats. Food is also broken down into smaller pieces through chewing. This breakdown helps create a larger surface area for further digestion in the stomach and small intestines.

Cavities, Dental Caries, and Gum Disease

Cavities, dental caries, and gum disease can lead to pain and tooth loss. Cavities, or dental caries, are holes in the teeth’s enamel that are caused by tooth decay. It’s important to have cavities repaired by a dentist. This prevents the decay from spreading to the inside of the tooth where the nerve is contained.

Gum disease is an inflammation of the gums that can affect the jawbone and teeth. If it is not treated, tooth loss can occur.

Oral Health and the Health of the Rest of the Body

In addition to its effect on GI health, poor oral health has been linked
to cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
People with poor oral health may have infections and inflammation in
their mouths. The types and numbers of bacteria that live in a mouth
with poor oral hygiene are more harmful than those in a healthy mouth.

Bacteria from oral infections in the mouth can spread down to the esophagus (muscular tube leading into the stomach), trachea (windpipe leading into the lungs), and heart. Bacteria can also travel in the bloodstream to other parts of the body. This spread can cause infections and diseases in those areas of the body.

To reduce the chance of developing an oral infection and to maintain good oral health, people should:

• Brush their teeth at least two times each day, for two minutes
• each time using fluoridated toothpaste.
• Floss their teeth everyday.
• See a dentist once a year or right away if they notice any problems.
• Eat healthy foods, including vegetables and fruits. Avoid candy
• and sugary drinks like pop.
• Never use tobacco. Tobacco smoke and juice from oral tobacco are very harmful to the gums and tissues in the mouth.

Remember, the health of the GI tract starts in the mouth.

KEY REFERENCES:

Health Canada. (2008). The effects of oral health on overall health. Retrieved October 22, 2009, from www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/life-vie/dent-eng.php

Rautemaa, R., Lauhio, A., Cullinan, M. P., & Seymour, G. J. (2007). Oral infections and systemic disease an emerging problem in medicine. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 13(11), 1041-1047.